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Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2002) - Chile (2001)

Compare British Indian Ocean Territory (2002) z Chile (2001)

 British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)Chile (2001)
 British Indian Ocean TerritoryChile
Administrative divisions - 13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso

note:
the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
Age structure - 0-14 years:
27.25% (male 2,135,755; female 2,041,552)

15-64 years:
65.39% (male 4,993,416; female 5,029,739)

65 years and over:
7.36% (male 467,477; female 660,528) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, fruit; beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber
Airports 1 (2001) 366 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
total:
69

over 3,047 m:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
22

914 to 1,523 m:
21

under 914 m:
14 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
297

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
11

914 to 1,523 m:
62

under 914 m:
219 (2000 est.)
Area total: 60 sq km


land: 60 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
total:
756,950 sq km

land:
748,800 sq km

water:
8,150 sq km

note:
includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez
Area - comparative about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana
Background Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order which had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia. A three-year-old Marxist government was overthrown in 1973 by a dictatorial military regime led by Augusto PINOCHET, which ruled until a freely elected president was installed in 1990. Sound economic policies, first implemented by the PINOCHET dictatorship, led to unprecedented growth in 1991-97 and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Growth slowed in 1998-99, but recovered strongly in 2000.
Birth rate - 16.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$16 billion

expenditures:
$17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital - Santiago
Climate tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south
Coastline 698 km 6,435 km
Constitution - 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981, amended 30 July 1989, 1993, and 1997
Country name conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory


conventional short form: none


abbreviation: BIOT
conventional long form:
Republic of Chile

conventional short form:
Chile

local long form:
Republica de Chile

local short form:
Chile
Currency - Chilean peso (CLP)
Death rate - 5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $39 billion (2000)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission:
Ambassador John O'LEARY

embassy:
Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago

mailing address:
APO AA 34033

telephone:
[56] (2) 232-2600

FAX:
[56] (2) 339-3710
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) chief of mission:
Ambassador Andres BIANCHI

chancery:
1140 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 785-1746

FAX:
[1] (202) 887-5579

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Disputes - international Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims
Economic aid - recipient - ODA, $40 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing. Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth in real GDP averaged 8% during 1991-97, but fell to half that level in 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit in check and lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession in 1999, reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing, and Chile experienced negative economic growth for the first time in more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession, Chile maintained its reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. By the end of 1999, exports and economic activity had begun to recover, and growth rebounded to 5.5% in 2000. Unemployment remains stubbornly high, however, putting pressure on President LAGOS to improve living standards. Meanwhile, Chile has launched free trade negotiations with the US.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 35.426 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military 38.092 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
61%

hydro:
35%

nuclear:
0%

other:
4% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m
Environment - current issues NA air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups - white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%
Exchange rates - Chilean pesos per US dollar - 571.12 (January 2001), 535.47 (2000), 508.78 (1999), 460.29 (1998), 419.30 (1997), 412.27 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK


cabinet: NA


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 12 December 1999, with runoff election held 16 January 2000 (next to be held NA December 2005)

election results:
Ricardo LAGOS Escobar elected president; percent of vote - Ricardo LAGOS Escobar 51.32%, Joaquin LAVIN 48.68%
Exports - $18 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities - copper, fish, fruits, paper and pulp, chemicals
Exports - partners - EU 27%, US 16%, Japan 14%, Brazil 6%, Argentina 5% (1998)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $153.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
8%

industry:
38%

services:
54% (2000)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $10,100 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 5.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 6 00 S, 71 30 E 30 00 S, 71 00 W
Geography - note archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions
Highways total: NA km


paved: short stretch of paved road of NA km between port and airfield on Diego Garcia


unpaved: NA km
total:
79,800 km

paved:
11,012 km

unpaved:
68,788 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
1.2%

highest 10%:
41.3% (1998)
Illicit drugs - a growing transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe; economic prosperity has made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits; imported precursors passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising
Imports - $17 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities - consumer goods, chemicals, motor vehicles, fuels, electrical machinery, heavy industrial machinery, food
Imports - partners - US 24%, EU 23%, Argentina 11%, Brazil 6%, Japan 6%, Mexico 5% (1998)
Independence - 18 September 1810 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate - 6% (2000 est.)
Industries - copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles
Infant mortality rate - 9.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 4.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMOGIP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 7 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 12,650 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal
Labor force - 5.8 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 14%, industry 27%, services 59% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
6,171 km

border countries:
Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km
Land use arable land: NEGL


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
arable land:
5%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
18%

forests and woodland:
22%

other:
55% (1993 est.)
Languages - Spanish
Legal system the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (48 seats, 38 elected by popular vote and 10 appointed (all former presidents who served 6 years are senators for life); members serve eight-year terms - one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001); Chamber of Deputies - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD (PDC 14, PS 4, PPD 2), RN 7, UDI 10, UCCP 1, independents 10; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CPD 50.55% (PDC 22.98%, PS 11.10%, PPD 12.55%, PRSD 3.13%), RN 16.78%, UDI 14.43%; seats by party - CPD 70 (PDC 39, PPD 16, PRSD 4, PS 11), RN 24, UDI 21, Socialist Party 1, right-wing independents 4
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
75.94 years

male:
72.63 years

female:
79.42 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
95.2%

male:
95.4%

female:
95% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru
Map references Political Map of the World South America
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200/350 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 606,506 GRT/884,023 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 11, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, container 4, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 3, vehicle carrier 2 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016 -
Military branches - Army, Navy (includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and Marines), Air Force, Carabineros of Chile (National Police), Investigations Police

note:
Carabineros and Investigations Police are normally administered by the Ministry of Interior, but in times of national emergency, they are considered part of the military
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $2.5 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 3.1% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
4,057,466 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
3,003,134 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
136,830 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 18 September (1810)
Nationality - noun:
Chilean(s)

adjective:
Chilean
Natural hazards NA severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis
Natural resources coconuts, fish, sugarcane copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km
Political parties and leaders - Center-Center Union Party or UCCP [Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ricardo HORMAZABAL]; Coalition of Parties for Democracy ("Concertacion") or CPD - including PDC, PS, PPD, PRSD; Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN [Alberto CARDEMIL]; Party for Democracy or PPD [Guido GIRARDI]; Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Anselmo SULE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders - revitalized university student federations at all major universities; Roman Catholic Church; United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles around the time of the construction of UK-US military facilities; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2002 est.)
15,328,467 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - 22% (1998 est.)
Population growth rate - 1.13% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Diego Garcia Antofagasta, Arica, Chanaral, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 180 (eight inactive), FM 64, shortwave 17 (one inactive) (1998)
Radios NA 5.18 million (1997)
Railways - total:
6,701 km

broad gauge:
2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1317 km electrified)

narrow gauge:
117 km 1.067-m gauge (28 km electrified); 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2000)
Religions - Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish NEGL%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available


domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet


international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
general assessment:
modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities

domestic:
extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 2.603 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 944,225 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) 63 (plus 121 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation) low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east
Total fertility rate - 2.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 9% (December 2000)
Waterways none 725 km
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